Painting Warhammer 40k miniatures turns grey plastic into a personal army. These techniques cover the core skills you need, whether you’re just starting or want to sharpen your approach.
The core techniques
Every Warhammer 40k paint job builds on a handful of methods. You start by priming the model, then lay down basecoats, add shading with washes, and finish with highlights. Each step adds depth and definition.
The most common technique for beginners is layering thin coats. Instead of one thick layer, you build up colour gradually. This avoids clogging details and gives a smoother finish. Once you’re comfortable, you can move on to edge highlighting, drybrushing, and glazing.
- Priming: gives paint something to grip and sets your base tone.
- Basecoating: blocks in the main colours.
- Washing: flows into recesses to create shadows and contrast.
- Drybrushing: picks out raised edges with a nearly dry brush.
- Edge highlighting: a precise line along sharp edges for definition.
- Glazing: thin, transparent layers that tint and blend.
Tools and setup
You don’t need much to get started. A spray primer, a few brushes, a selection of acrylic paints, and a palette will do. A wet palette keeps your paint from drying out and is a cheap upgrade that makes a big difference.
Games Workshop’s Citadel range is designed for their models, but other brands work just as well. The key is to use acrylics made for miniatures, not craft paint. For fine details, a good brush with a sharp tip matters more than a fancy handle.
| Item | Why it helps |
|---|---|
| Primer | Helps paint stick and sets a base colour. |
| Wet palette | Keeps paint workable for longer. |
| Detail brush | For eyes, edges, and small symbols. |
| Wash | Adds instant shading to recesses. |
| Decals | Add unit markings and faction symbols. |
Common mistakes
Rushing is the biggest one. Thin your paints and build up layers. A single thick coat will obscure detail and look lumpy.
Another trap is comparing your work to studio-quality display pieces. Your first models won’t look like that, and that’s fine. Paint for yourself, not for a competition. Progress comes from finishing models, not from chasing perfection on one.
Beyond the basics
Once you’ve got the fundamentals down, you can explore advanced techniques like airbrushing, weathering powders, and object source lighting. These add flair and can speed up painting large armies.
Basing is often overlooked but it finishes a model. A simple texture paint and a drybrush can make the miniature look grounded and complete. It’s the difference between a painted model and a finished one.
Key facts
- Priming, basecoating, washing, and highlighting are the foundation of most Warhammer 40k paint jobs.
- Thin your paints with water or medium to avoid losing detail.
- A wet palette keeps acrylics workable and reduces waste.
- Drybrushing and edge highlighting add contrast and definition.
- Basing and decals are simple steps that finish a model.
- Practice and patience matter more than expensive tools.
FAQ
What paints should I use for Warhammer 40k?
Acrylic paints made for miniatures, such as Citadel, Army Painter, or Vallejo. They’re formulated to adhere to plastic and resin and to thin well with water.
How do I thin my paints?
Add a little water or acrylic medium to your paint on a palette until it flows smoothly but still covers. The consistency of milk is a good target.
Do I need an airbrush to paint Warhammer 40k?
No. Brushes are enough for most techniques. An airbrush helps with smooth basecoats and blends on large models, but it’s not required.